{"id":1169,"date":"2022-08-18T15:13:42","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T15:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/?p=1169"},"modified":"2022-10-10T08:05:15","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T08:05:15","slug":"alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/","title":{"rendered":"Alergiile alimentare \u2013 cauze, reac\u021bii \u0219i m\u0103suri de preven\u0163ie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alergiile reprezint\u0103 cea mai comun\u0103 form\u0103 de patologie imunitar\u0103, av\u00e2nd un mecanism comun care include IgE, mastocite, eozinofile si alergeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alergenii sunt antigeni care determin\u0103 r\u0103spunsul alergic \u015fi se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een urmatoarele categorii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Produse din plante &#8211; e.g.: polen, etc<\/li><li>Alimente &#8211; e.g.: lactate, fructe de mare, nuci, etc<\/li><li>Animale  e.g: caini, pisici, etc<\/li><li>Venin de insecte<\/li><li>Medicamente<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De ce am ales sa vorbesc \u00een articolul acesta despre alergiile alimentare? Pentru c\u0103 ele sunt o problema de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 ce afecteaz\u0103 at\u00e2t adul\u0163ii c\u00e2t \u015fi copiii, iar \u00een ultimii 30 de ani prevalen\u0163a lor a crescut semnificativ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul specific al alergiilor alimentare, acestea sunt declan\u015fate atunci c\u00e2nd sistemul imunitar trateaz\u0103 o anumit\u0103 component\u0103\/macronutrient dintr-un aliment (de cele mai multe ori, proteina) ca fiind periculoas\u0103 pentru tine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reac\u021biile declan\u0219ate de alimente pot ap\u0103rea brusc, \u00een decurs de dou\u0103 ore de la ingestie, sau pot fi \u00eent\u00e2rziate cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 48 ore de la momentul consumarii alimentului. Adesea, simptomele sunt u\u0219oare: furnic\u0103turi ale buzelor, prurit sau erup\u021bii cutanate. \u00cen unele cazuri, \u00eens\u0103, alergia alimentar\u0103 poate fi foarte grav\u0103 \u0219i chiar fatal\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primele alergii alimentare apar, de obicei, \u00eenainte de v\u00e2rsta de 4 de ani. Motivul este c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la aceast\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103, sistemul digestiv \u0219i sistemul imunitar nu au ajuns \u00eenc\u0103 la maturitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Continut<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Tipuri_de_alergii_alimentare\" >Tipuri de alergii alimentare<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Alergii_alimentare_induse_de_IgE\" >Alergii alimentare induse de IgE:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Alergii_alimentare_induse_non-IgE\" >Alergii alimentare induse non-IgE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Principalele_alimente_care_provoaca_alergii\" >Principalele alimente care provoac\u0103 alergii<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Ce_este_o_reactie_alergica\" >Ce este o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Cat_de_frecvente_sunt_alergiile_alimentare\" >C\u00e2t de frecvente sunt alergiile alimentare?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Simptomele_alergiei_alimentare\" >Simptomele alergiei alimentare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Cum_este_diagnosticata_alergia_alimentara\" >Cum este diagnosticat\u0103 alergia alimentar\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Cum_evolueaza_alergia_alimentara\" >Cum evolueaz\u0103 alergia alimentar\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Reactia_si_socul_anafilactic\" >Reac\u021bia \u0219i \u0219ocul anafilactic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Persoane_cu_predispozitie_la_alergia_alimentara\" >Persoane cu predispozi\u0163ie la alergia alimentar\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Persoane_cu_risc_de_anafilaxie\" >Persoane cu risc de anafilaxie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/#Alergia_alimentara_masuri_preventive\" >Alergia alimentar\u0103: m\u0103suri preventive<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tipuri_de_alergii_alimentare\"><\/span>Tipuri de alergii alimentare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 trei categorii sau tipuri de alergii alimentare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Alergiile induse de imunoglobulin\u0103 E (IgE) \u2013 simptomele sunt cauzate de producerea de anticorpi numi\u021bi IgE de c\u0103tre sistemul imunitar. Acest tip de alergie alimentar\u0103 poate provoca anafilaxie(o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103 ce ne pune via\u021ba \u00een pericol), astm, sindromul alergiei orale, etc.<\/li><li>Alergii non-IgE induse \u2013 atunci c\u00e2nd reac\u021bia alergic\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de limfocitele Th2, care sunt foarte &#8222;pricepute&#8221; \u00een a produce citokine de tipul Il-4 si Il-5. Aceste citokine au rol foarte important \u00een sensibilizarea imediat\u0103 cu rol fundamental \u00een boala alergic\u0103. \u00cen final, acest mecanism are ca rezultat cre\u015fterea \u015fi activarea eozinofilelor, a\u015fa cum e cazul \u00een boala celiac\u0103 \u015fi dermatita herpetiform\u0103.<\/li><li>Alergii mixte (cazul dermatitei atopice), mediate at\u00e2t IgE c\u00e2t \u015fi non IgE.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alergii_alimentare_induse_de_IgE\"><\/span>Alergii alimentare induse de IgE:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen acest tip de alergii, instalarea r\u0103spunsului imun dup\u0103 expunerea la alergen prin inhalare, contact sau ingestie, se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un interval de timp care poate dura de la c\u00e2teva minute la c\u00e2teva ore. Simptomele pot ap\u0103rea la nivelul tractului gastro-intestinal, al pielii sau al aparatului respirator iar ca si amplitudine, manifestarile pot varia de la simpla urticarie p\u00e2n\u0103 la anafilaxie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alergii_alimentare_induse_non-IgE\"><\/span>Alergii alimentare induse non-IgE<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele mai multe dintre simptomele alergiilor alimentare induse non-IgE se instaleaz\u0103 mai lent, \u00eentr-un interval de timp cuprins \u00eentre 2-6 ore. Nu implic\u0103 manifest\u0103ri la nivel respirator, cardiovascular sau sistemic, deci au o amplitudine mult mai redus\u0103 dec\u00e2t alergiile mediate IgE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atunci c\u00e2nd apare o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103 indus\u0103 non-IgE, de obicei nu este necesar s\u0103 se injecteze epinefrin\u0103. \u00cen general, cel mai bun mod de a gestiona aceste alergii este pur \u015fi simplu evitarea alimentelor care provoac\u0103 reac\u021bia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Principalele_alimente_care_provoaca_alergii\"><\/span>Principalele alimente care provoac\u0103 alergii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lista de alimente care provoac\u0103 alergii nu este identic\u0103 \u00een toate \u021b\u0103rile, aceasta variind \u00een func\u021bie de modelul alimentar al fiec\u0103rei popula\u0163ii. Spre exemplu, japonezii vor avea o predispozi\u021bie pentru alergia alimentar\u0103 la orez, \u00een timp ce locuitorii \u021b\u0103rilor scandinave vor fi mai predispu\u0219i la alergia alimentar\u0103 la pe\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.-Principalele-alimente-care-provoaca-alergi-1024x683.png\" alt=\"borcan cu migdale\" class=\"wp-image-1179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.-Principalele-alimente-care-provoaca-alergi-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.-Principalele-alimente-care-provoaca-alergi-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.-Principalele-alimente-care-provoaca-alergi-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2.-Principalele-alimente-care-provoaca-alergi.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 te \u00eentrebi care sunt alimentele responsabile pentru cele mai multe dintre alergiile alimentare severe, le g\u0103sesti chiar aici:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>arahide;<\/li><li>nuci (migdale, nuci de Brazilia, caju, alune sau avelines, nuci de macadamia, nuci pecan, nuci de pin, fistic, nuci);<\/li><li>lapte de vac\u0103;<\/li><li>ou\u0103;<\/li><li>pe\u0219te;<\/li><li>fructe de mare (\u00een special crab, homar \u0219i creve\u021bi);<\/li><li>soia;<\/li><li>gr\u00e2u (\u0219i soiuri conexe de cereale: kamut, alac, etc);<\/li><li>semin\u021be de susan.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acestea sunt considerate alimente alergene at\u00e2t la copii, c\u00e2t \u0219i la adul\u021bi. \u00cen cazul infan\u0163ilor, cel mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit tip de alergie alimentar\u0103 este cel la laptele de vac\u0103. Onset-ul acestei alergii alimentare are loc cel mai adesea \u00eenainte de perioada \u00een care p\u0103rin\u021bii au hot\u0103r\u00e2t introducerea de alimente solide \u00een dieta zilnic\u0103 a celui mic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_o_reactie_alergica\"><\/span>Ce este o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect, sistemul imunitar detecteaz\u0103 un virus, de exemplu, \u0219i produce anticorpi (imunoglobuline sau Ig) pentru a lupta \u00eempotriva acestuia. \u00cen cazul unei persoane care are alergie la anumite alimente sau compu\u015fi ai alimentelor, sistemul imunitar se manifest\u0103 necorespunz\u0103tor: atac\u0103 antigenul produs de aliment, \u00een \u00eencercarea de a elimina presupusul pericol la adresa organismului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen teorie, simptomele unei alergii la alimente apar \u00een momentul celui de-al doilea contact cu acestea. La primul contact cu alergenul alimentar, organismul, mai precis sistemul imunitar, devine sensibil. La urm\u0103torul contact, va fi gata s\u0103 reac\u021bioneze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O categorie aparte este reprezentat\u0103 de alergiile alimentare \u00eencruci\u0219ate, iar aici sunt incluse  substan\u021be care prezint\u0103 similarit\u0103\u021bi(cu un alergen identificat anterior) \u00een privin\u021ba structurii chimice\/a moleculei. De exemplu, o persoan\u0103 care prezint\u0103 alergie alimentar\u0103 la laptele de vac\u0103 poate fi alergic\u0103 \u0219i la cel de capr\u0103 din cauza similarit\u0103\u021bii proteinelor. Unii oameni care \u0219tiu c\u0103 sunt alergici la un anumit aliment prefer\u0103 s\u0103 nu consume alte alimente din aceea\u0219i familie, de team\u0103 c\u0103 vor declan\u0219a o reac\u021bie imun\u0103. Totu\u0219i, este de preferat s\u0103 mergi la un dietetician  \u00eenainte de a lua decizia de a exclude unele alimente din dieta ta zilnic\u0103 pentru a nu suferi deficien\u021be \u00een cazul \u00een care ai ac\u021bionat gre\u0219it. Pentru depistarea alergiilor \u00eencruci\u015fate se folosesc testele cutanate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Persoanele cu alergii la polen pot fi, de asemenea, alergice la fructe sau legume proaspete sau nuci. Acest lucru se nume\u0219te sindrom de alergie oral\u0103. De exemplu, o persoan\u0103 care este alergic\u0103 la polenul de mesteac\u0103n poate avea furnic\u0103turi ale buzelor, limbii, v\u0103lului palatin \u0219i g\u00e2tului atunci c\u00e2nd m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 un m\u0103r crud sau morcov.  Simptomele acestui sindrom sunt de obicei u\u0219oare \u0219i riscul de anafilaxie este sc\u0103zut. Aceast\u0103 reac\u021bie apare numai \u00een cazul produselor crude, deoarece g\u0103titul distruge alergenul prin modificarea structurii proteinei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cat_de_frecvente_sunt_alergiile_alimentare\"><\/span>C\u00e2t de frecvente sunt alergiile alimentare?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aproximativ un sfert dintre familii consider\u0103 c\u0103 cel pu\u021bin un membru al familiei are o alergie alimentar\u0103, potrivit diferitelor sondaje. Ast\u0103zi, 5% p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6% dintre copii au cel pu\u021bin o alergie alimentar\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simptomele_alergiei_alimentare\"><\/span>Simptomele alergiei alimentare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.-Simptome-alergie-alimentara-1024x683.png\" alt=\"persoana scarpinandu-se\" class=\"wp-image-1180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.-Simptome-alergie-alimentara-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.-Simptome-alergie-alimentara-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.-Simptome-alergie-alimentara-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5.-Simptome-alergie-alimentara.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Semiologia alergiilor variaz\u0103 \u00een natur\u0103 \u0219i intensitate de la persoan\u0103 la persoan\u0103 \u0219i pot include oricare dintre urm\u0103toarele simptome, singure sau \u00een combina\u021bie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>simptome ale pielii: m\u00e2nc\u0103rime, ro\u0219ea\u021b\u0103, umflarea buzelor, fe\u021bei \u0219i membrelor, erup\u021bii cutanate;<\/li><li>simptome respiratorii: dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie, respira\u021bie \u0219uier\u0103toare, senza\u021bie de umflare a g\u00e2tului, senza\u021bie de sufocare;<\/li><li>simptome digestive: v\u0103rs\u0103turi, st\u0103ri de grea\u021b\u0103, diaree, colici \u0219i crampe abdominale (dac\u0103 acestea sunt singurele simptome detectate, este posibil alergia alimentar\u0103 s\u0103 nu fie r\u0103spunsul corect, ci s\u0103 fie vorba despre o alt\u0103 problem\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate);<\/li><li>simptome cardiovasculare: pierderea con\u0219tien\u021bei, st\u0103ri de ame\u021beal\u0103, puls slab \u0219i paloare.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru ca reac\u021biile anafilactice s\u0103 fie luate \u00een considerare, simptomele ar trebui s\u0103 se manifeste violent \u0219i s\u0103 fie vorba despre simptome combinate (digestive + respiratorii, spre exemplu). Pentru a fi un \u0219oc anafilactic, trebuie ca tensiunea arterial\u0103 s\u0103 sufere o sc\u0103dere semnificativ\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_este_diagnosticata_alergia_alimentara\"><\/span>Cum este diagnosticat\u0103 alergia alimentar\u0103?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De obicei, medicul \u00eencepe cu a investiga istoricul pacientului prin anamnez\u0103, care poate lua \u00een calcul \u015fi jurnalul alimentar al clientului . Specialistul te va \u00eentreaba despre momentul \u00een care simptomele \u0219i-au f\u0103cut debutul, despre ce incluzi \u00een dieta zilnic\u0103, cu ce frecven\u0163\u0103 consumi anumite alimente, etc. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, el \u00ee\u0219i completeaz\u0103 diagnosticul prin efectuarea unuia sau mai multora dintre urm\u0103toarele teste, dup\u0103 caz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Teste de piele: o pic\u0103tur\u0103 dintr-o serie de solu\u021bii care con\u021bin o cantitate mic\u0103 de alergen se aplic\u0103 \u00een diferite zone ale pielii. Apoi, folosind un ac, se \u00een\u021beap\u0103 u\u0219or pielea \u00een care se afl\u0103 extractul;<\/li><li>Invesiga\u0163ii &#8222;in vitro&#8221;: testul de laborator Elisa,  testul de activare al bazofilelor, secre\u0163ia de citokine, etc;<\/li><li>Test de \u201eprovocare\u201d: acest test necesit\u0103 o cantitate progresiv\u0103 de alimente care trebuie ingerate. Se face numai \u00een spital, sub atenta supraveghere a unui alergolog;<\/li><li>Diete de eliminare urmate de reintroducerea treptat\u0103 a alimentelor suspicionate a fi alergogene;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.-Cum-este-diagnosticata-alergia-alimentara-1024x683.png\" alt=\"test de alergii\" class=\"wp-image-1181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.-Cum-este-diagnosticata-alergia-alimentara-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.-Cum-este-diagnosticata-alergia-alimentara-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.-Cum-este-diagnosticata-alergia-alimentara-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6.-Cum-este-diagnosticata-alergia-alimentara.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen cazul \u00een care testul efectuat la alergolog arat\u0103 faptul c\u0103 prezin\u021bi simptome de alergii de acest tip, atunci medicul t\u0103u \u00ee\u021bi va prescrie un tratament potrivit nevoilor tale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_evolueaza_alergia_alimentara\"><\/span>Cum evolueaz\u0103 alergia alimentar\u0103?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este foarte important s\u0103 stii la ce tipuri de alimente reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 corpul t\u0103u ca s\u0103 po\u021bi face un management corect al bolii alergice (al\u0103turi de alergolog, dietetician, pneumolog sau cardiolog dac\u0103 este cazul). Aceasta pentru c\u0103 dup\u0103 durata de timp \u00een care produc efecte, alergiile se \u00eempart \u00een 2 categorii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Alergii care tind s\u0103 dispar\u0103 \u00een timp: alergii la laptele de vac\u0103, ou\u0103 \u0219i soia;<\/li><li>Alergii care produc efecte pe durat\u0103 lung\u0103 si foarte lung\u0103: alergii la arahide, nuci, pe\u0219te, fructe de mare \u0219i susan.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reactia_si_socul_anafilactic\"><\/span>Reac\u021bia \u0219i \u0219ocul anafilactic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 1% p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2% din popula\u021bie este expus\u0103 riscului de reac\u021bii anafilactice. Aproximativ una din trei reac\u021bii anafilactice este cauzat\u0103 de un aliment cu poten\u0163ial alergogen. Dac\u0103 nu este tratat\u0103 rapid, reac\u021bia anafilactic\u0103 poate progresa la \u0219oc anafilactic, adic\u0103 o sc\u0103dere a tensiunii arteriale, pierderea con\u0219tien\u021bei \u0219i eventual, moartea, \u00een c\u00e2teva minute. Alergiile la arahide, nuci, pe\u0219te \u0219i fructe de mare sunt cel mai adesea cauzele reac\u021biilor anafilactice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Persoane_cu_predispozitie_la_alergia_alimentara\"><\/span>Persoane cu predispozi\u0163ie la alergia alimentar\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd vorbim despre alergie alimentar\u0103 la copii, ne referim la cei care sufer\u0103 de eczeme, astm sau urticarie, dar \u0219i la copiii obezi. De asemenea, exist\u0103 \u0219i categoria copiilor cu predispozi\u021bie la alergie alimentar\u0103 care provin din familii \u00een care p\u0103rin\u021bii sufer\u0103 de una sau mai multe forme de alergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit unui studiu american care a implicat 4,200 de copii, copiii obezi prezint\u0103 un risc crescut de alergie la lactate. Leg\u0103tura cauzal\u0103 dintre obezitate \u0219i alergiile alimentare nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 demonstrat\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De asemenea, poate exista o leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre astm \u0219i excesul de greutate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Persoane_cu_risc_de_anafilaxie\"><\/span>Persoane cu risc de anafilaxie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen general, vorbim despre persoanele care au avut deja o reac\u021bie anafilactic\u0103, despre persoanele care, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 au una sau mai multe alergii alimentare, au, de asemenea, astm, mai ales dac\u0103 boala nu este \u021binut\u0103 corect cub observa\u021bie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O categorie de risc special\u0103 o reprezint\u0103 adolescen\u021bii, fiind considera\u021bi mai expu\u0219i riscului, deoarece ei tind s\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i informeze prietenii \u0219i familia despre alergiile alimentare \u0219i, deci, s\u0103 nu le trateze a\u0219a cum o impune conduita clinic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alergia_alimentara_masuri_preventive\"><\/span>Alergia alimentar\u0103: m\u0103suri preventive<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 o serie de m\u0103suri pe care le po\u021bi lua pentru a evita apari\u021bia de alergii alimentare at\u00e2t la bebelu\u0219i, copii, c\u00e2t \u0219i la adul\u021bi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00cent\u00e2rzierea introducerii alimentelor poten\u021bial alergogene la copii (pe\u0219te, ou\u0103, arahide etc.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen general, medicii recomand\u0103 introducerea alimentelor pe r\u00e2nd \u0219i monitorizarea oric\u0103ror reac\u021bii anormale. \u00cen plus, dac\u0103 a\u0219tep\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd copilul este suficient de mare pentru a descrie verbal disconfortul (dac\u0103 acesta apare), ai mai multe \u0219anse de a detecta posibilele alergii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Consumul de omega-3 \u00een timpul sarcini<\/strong>i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cercet\u0103torii cred c\u0103 prezen\u021ba ridicat\u0103 a omega-6 \u00een diet\u0103 (\u0219i, prin urmare, prezen\u021ba sc\u0103zut\u0103 a omega-3) ar putea ajuta la cre\u0219terea inciden\u021bei alergiilor de toate tipurile. Omega-6 ar face organismul mai sensibil la alergeni \u0219i ar provoca inflama\u021bii. Diverse studii au evaluat efectul consumului de pe\u0219te gras sau al administr\u0103rii de suplimente de ulei de pe\u0219te \u00een timpul sarcinii, al\u0103pt\u0103rii sau copil\u0103riei asupra debutului alergiilor la copii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Urmeaz\u0103 o diet\u0103 hipoalergenic\u0103 \u00een timpul al\u0103pt\u0103rii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 diet\u0103 destul de restrictiv\u0103 necesit\u0103 evitarea principalelor alimente alergogene, cum ar fi laptele de vac\u0103, ou\u0103le \u0219i nucile, pentru a evita expunerea copilului. Decizia de a urma o astfel de diet\u0103 se ia de la caz la caz. Monitorizarea unei astfel de diete trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 sub supravegherea unui profesionist din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, pentru a evita deficien\u021bele nutri\u021bionale ale mamei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contraindica\u021bie: Aceast\u0103 diet\u0103 este contraindicat\u0103 \u00een timpul sarcinii, pentru c\u0103 nu reduce riscul de alergie la copii \u0219i poate duce la probleme de malnutri\u021bie la mam\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In concluzie, alergia alimentar\u0103 este o afec\u021biune cu impact semnificativ asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii, mai ales dac\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim la cea indus\u0103 de IgE. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 explica\u021biile oferite \u00een acest articol te-au pus pe g\u00e2nduri si te-ai decis sa \u00ee\u0163i schimbi modelul alimentar, po\u021bi citi mai multe despre nutri\u021bie \u0219i un stil de via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tos pe <a href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/\" title=\"cilantro.ro\">cilantro.ro<\/a>. Tot acolo afli \u0219i cum \u00ee\u0163i po\u0163i construi stilul primar \u015fi secundar de nutri\u0163ie pentru a r\u0103m\u00e2ne s\u0103n\u0103tos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u0103m\u00e2i curios, s\u0103n\u0103tos \u015fi optimist!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sursa foto: freepik.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/acaai.org\/allergies\/allergic-conditions\/food\/\">Food Allergies | Causes, Symptoms &amp; Treatment | ACAAI Public Website<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/food-allergy\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355095\">Food allergy &#8211; Symptoms and causes &#8211; Mayo Clinic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/common-food-allergies#types-of-food-allergies\">The 8 Most Common Food Allergies (healthline.com)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/food-allergy\/\">Food allergy &#8211; NHS (www.nhs.uk)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alergiile reprezint\u0103 cea mai comun\u0103 form\u0103 de patologie imunitar\u0103, av\u00e2nd un mecanism comun care include IgE, mastocite, eozinofile si alergeni. Alergenii sunt antigeni care determin\u0103 r\u0103spunsul alergic \u015fi se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een urmatoarele categorii: Produse din plante &#8211; e.g.: polen, etc Alimente &#8211; e.g.: lactate, fructe de mare, nuci, etc Animale e.g: caini, pisici, etc Venin &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continu\u0103 lectura<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \u201eAlergiile alimentare \u2013 cauze, reac\u021bii \u0219i m\u0103suri de preven\u0163ie\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutritie-si-imunitate","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alergiile reprezint\u0103 cea mai comun\u0103 form\u0103 de patologie imunitar\u0103, av\u00e2nd un mecanism comun care include IgE, mastocite, eozinofile si alergeni. Alergenii sunt antigeni care determin\u0103 r\u0103spunsul alergic \u015fi se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een urmatoarele categorii: Produse din plante - e.g.: polen, etcAlimente - e.g.: lactate, fructe de mare, nuci, etcAnimale e.g: caini, pisici, etcVenin de insecteMedicamente De\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Liana Constantinescu\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cilantro.ro\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/08\/18\/alergiile-alimentare-cauze-reactii-si-masuri-de-preventie\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog informatii si sfaturi despre stil de viata sanatos - Cilantro.ro - Articole cu informatii utile despre nutritie, stil de viata sanatos, obiceiuri sanatoase plus multe altele. \u25baDescopera pe cilantro.ro\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alergiile alimentare \u2013 cauze, reac\u021bii \u0219i m\u0103suri de preven\u0163ie - Blog informatii si sfaturi despre stil de viata sanatos - Cilantro.ro\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alergiile reprezint\u0103 cea mai comun\u0103 form\u0103 de patologie imunitar\u0103, av\u00e2nd un mecanism comun care include IgE, mastocite, eozinofile si alergeni. 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